Leaving aside the lowland of the Sava and the lower basins of the Morava and Vardar, Serbia presents itself as a predominantly mountainous and hilly territory, with reliefs that belong to different systems. The MoravaVardar axis, which is one of the most populated areas of the country, divides Serbia into two parts, although the geological limits do not always coincide with the hydrographic ones. In the eastern one, of less extension, at N. we find a relief that is part of the Transylvanian Alps, with copious mineral deposits (copper, silver, iron), then to the south an area belonging to the Western Balkan massif (Midzor, m. 2186), arranged in an arch along the right bank of the Timok; generally it is a poorly articulated region, with ranges and plateaus of medium height, except to the NW. and to the NE., where there are hills and marshy areas; the slopes are covered by woods (especially beech trees) and orchards are frequent in the vicinity of the inhabited centers; the innermost areas are instead mostly occupied by karst plateaus. The western part of the Morava-Vardar furrow, mainly formed by the eastern buttresses of the Dinaric reliefs, has the appearance of a more fertile and more open region. At the corner of Drina and Sava and in front of Belgrade there are flat areas (plains of Mačva and Kolubara), while to the NW. the territory between Drina and Morava consists of a series of hills of sandstone, chalk, conglomerates, above which paleozoic mounds rise. The powerful eruptive mass of Rudnik, which rises up to 800-1170 m., Separates these hills of western Serbia from the broad valley of the Morava, which flows from west to east, modeled in the fertile soils of the Upper Tertiary, home to vegetable gardens and gardens. Further to Serbia follows the relief of Kopaonik and the Goliia Planina, rich in metals. These are higher mountains, now aligned in chains, now grouped in massifs, formed by paleozoic soils of the Thracian core, having an intermediate position between the dinaric chains (to the W) and the Balkans (to the East.). The valley of the Ibar, narrow, recessed, directed from N. to Serbia, lowers in correspondence of the two reliefs, so as to give an access towards N. to the plain of Kosovo. In Serbia the mountains are more divided, separated by erosional valleys and dried up lake basins, which flank the Sar Planina and the Kara Dag, rich in minerals; on these runs the watershed between the Danube and the Aegean, while the Vardar opens the road to Thessaloniki.) and the Balkans (to E.). The valley of the Ibar, narrow, recessed, directed from N. to Serbia, lowers in correspondence of the two reliefs, so as to give an access towards N. to the plain of Kosovo. In Serbia the mountains are more divided, separated by erosional valleys and dried up lake basins, which flank the Sar Planina and the Kara Dag, rich in minerals; on these runs the watershed between the Danube and the Aegean, while the Vardar opens the road to Thessaloniki.) and the Balkans (to E.). The valley of the Ibar, narrow, recessed, directed from N. to Serbia, lowers in correspondence of the two reliefs, so as to give an access towards N. to the plain of Kosovo. In Serbia the mountains are more divided, separated by erosional valleys and dried up lake basins, which flank the Sar Planina and the Kara Dag, rich in minerals; on these runs the watershed between the Danube and the Aegean, while the Vardar opens the road to Thessaloniki.
As Serbia has a very elongated shape, one would expect there to be significant climatic differences from area to area. Instead Belgrade has in January – 1st, 6th and in July 22nd; Bitolj, which is almost 400m. highest and 4 degrees more to Serbia, respectively – 1 ° and 22 °, 2, with an annual average above Belgrade by only 0, 7; greater differences are noted in the precipitations which in Serbia are prevalently in winter, in N. in summer. The close relations with central Europe, rather than with the Mediterranean, can be seen in crops, given the frequency of corn, barley, oats, beets, orchards (plums), vegetables and legumes; mulberry, vine, tobacco, as well as breeding, which preferably concerns small livestock (sheep) and poultry, are less widespread. The forestry is quite large, species in N., while it is rather scarce in the western part. From an ethnic point of view, Serbia is largely inhabited by Serbs. Until 1913 these were in absolute prevalence, but then, when the extension of the kingdom doubled, to the already existing minorities (90,000 Romanians at the Iron Gates 50,000 Gypsies), were added to SE. large masses of Bulgarians, difficult to evaluate. Prevailing occupation of the residents is agriculture (80%). The importance of Serbia is related above all to its favorable position with respect to the main communication routes of the Balkan Peninsula, a factor that has allowed the state to expand to the sea and to extend the territory to all the regions that now form Yugoslavia.. From an ethnic point of view, Serbia is largely inhabited by Serbs. Until 1913 these were in absolute prevalence, but then, when the extension of the kingdom doubled, to the already existing minorities (90,000 Romanians at the Iron Gates 50,000 Gypsies), were added to SE. large masses of Bulgarians, difficult to evaluate. Prevailing occupation of the residents is agriculture (80%). The importance of Serbia is related above all to its favorable position with respect to the main communication routes of the Balkan Peninsula, a factor that has allowed the state to expand to the sea and to extend the territory to all the regions that now form Yugoslavia.. From an ethnic point of view, Serbia is largely inhabited by Serbs. Until 1913 these were in absolute prevalence, but then, when the extension of the kingdom doubled, to the already existing minorities (90,000 Romanians at the Iron Gates 50,000 Gypsies), were added to SE. large masses of Bulgarians, difficult to evaluate. Prevailing occupation of the residents is agriculture (80%). The importance of Serbia is related above all to its favorable position with respect to the main communication routes of the Balkan Peninsula, a factor that has allowed the state to expand to the sea and to extend the territory to all the regions that now form Yugoslavia. . to the already existing minorities (90,000 Romanians at the Iron Gates 50,000 Gypsies), were added to the SE. large masses of Bulgarians, difficult to evaluate. Prevailing occupation of the residents is agriculture (80%). The importance of Serbia is related above all to its favorable position with respect to the main communication routes of the Balkan Peninsula, a factor that has allowed the state to expand to the sea and to extend the territory to all the regions that now form Yugoslavia.. to the already existing minorities (90,000 Romanians at the Iron Gates 50,000 Gypsies), were added to the SE. large masses of Bulgarians, difficult to evaluate. Prevailing occupation of the residents is agriculture (80%). The importance of Serbia is related above all to its favorable position with respect to the main communication routes of the Balkan Peninsula, a factor that has allowed the state to expand to the sea and to extend the territory to all the regions that now form Yugoslavia..
